Interdiction model of power systems considering the effect of the demand response

This paper presents a power system interdiction model that incorporates demand response (DR) as strategy to reduce the vulnerability of the system. The interaction of two agents is taken into account: a disruptive agent (terrorist) that pretends causing the maximum load shedding and a protective agent (the system operator) that reacts by modifying the generation dispatch and using DR as an additional strategy to protect the system. The initial hypothesis is that the disruptive agent has limited resources and aims at selecting the set of elements that once attacked would cause the maximum damage to the system. The main contribution of this paper lies in the inclusion of the DR as an additional strategy (besides generation redispatch) to deal with eventual attacks and protect the system. The interaction of the two agents is modeled as a bi-level programming problem and is solved by means of the metaheuristic technique Iterative Local Search. Results on a 24 bus test IEEE system show the effectiveness of DR as a tool to reduce the vulnerability of power systems.