Robust integral super-twisting controller for enhanced photovoltaic integration with hybrid battery and supercapacitor storage in DC microgrid

This study relates to the enhancement in performance of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) over a DC microgrid, particularly toward a fast-accurate controller of the DC bus voltage. Conventional control methods are particularly difficult to implement in order to reduce start-up time with minimum overshoot, resulting in a significant disturbance of the DC bus voltage. To circumvent these problems, we propose an innovative hybrid controller method that combines the Integral Super-Twisting Algorithm (ISTA) controller technique with adaptive gain in regulating DC bus voltage and current. The capacity of ISTA to greatly enhance the system's dynamic responsiveness, guaranteeing steady operation with effective output voltage control, is by far its greatest benefit. Comparative testing found that the conventional PI controller had a rise time of 0.0666 s, a settling time of 0.165 s, and a 17 % overshoot with a steady-state error of 0.02 %. The proposed ISTA controller had a rise time of 0.0016 s, a settling time of 0.0667 s, zero percentage overshoot, and a minimal steady-state error of only 0.0003 %. The above-mentioned issues mostly focused on better sharing power in HESS and a more effective controller of the DC bus voltage. Furthermore, we evaluate the practical feasibility of the suggested controller through hardware-in-the-loop testing. This research lays a foundation for advancing renewable energy integration in DC microgrid, offering a promising avenue for sustainable and resilient power systems. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed ISTA controller for DC microgrid use are proven with Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HIL) simulations.