A design of multiband nested square shaped ring fractal antenna with circular ring elements for wireless applications

This manuscript presents the design of an antenna based on nested square shaped ring fractal geometry with circular ring elements for multi-band wireless applications. The impedance bandwidth and reflection coefficient of the antenna are improved with the design of different iterations from the 0th to 2nd. The performance parameters of the antenna like reflection coefficient, VSWR, bandwidth, bandwidth ratio, and current density are improved in the final iteration. It also achieves the enhanced bandwidth greater than 3 GHz at three resonant frequency bands and exhibits additional frequency band at 2.4 GHz. Likewise, the frequency band of designed fractal antenna shifts towards the lower end and helps in achieving the miniaturization of antenna. The proposed fractal antenna is designed and fabricated on a low-cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate and investigated using HFSS software. The proposed antenna is optimized for generating different parameters, and the last geometry is fabricated and tested. Further, these parameters are compared with the experimental results and found in good agreement with each other. Due to the multi-band behaviour and improved bandwidth, the proposed fractal antenna can be considered as a good candidate for several wireless standards. © 2021, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.