Electron acceleration by higher-order cosh-gaussian laser pulses in vacuum

Higher-order Cosh-Gaussian (ch-G) laser pulse is proposed for effective electron acceleration and energy gain in vacuum. The intensity distribution of ch-G laser is influenced by its higher-order (m) and decentered parameter (b) controlled propagation features. The laser pulse order m= (0,1,2,3) classifies them as Gaussian, ch-G, ch-square-G, and ch-cube-G laser pulses. The flatter the beam profile becomes as the order (m) increases, with the loss of its initial maximum intensity center at a slower rate as m increases, making it suitable for long-distance propagation. The increase in decentered parameter b, changes its properties from Gaussian(b=0) to flat top (b>1) and ring-shaped (b∼2) forms. As a result, it operates well enough to quickly accelerate electrons to exceedingly high energies in a short period of time. The analytic results show that altering the m and b combination leads to a significant rise in electron energy with laser intensity (∼1020W/cm2) of the order of GeV in vacuum. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH