Influence of solid cylinders on fluid flow and thermal analysis in a curved channel with constant magnetic field

The current study explores the numerical simulation of constant mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a channel, driven by the inlet velocity. The investigation focuses on a curved irregular channel where the presence of three differently sized circular obstacles introduces an unpredictable element to the heat transfer process. For the two-dimensional physical scenario, mathematical equations are formulated to analyze velocity and temperature. Employing appropriate dimensional variables, the coupled partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form. Subsequently, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to simulate the results for non-dimensional physical parameters such as Reynolds number, Richardson number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles' volume fraction, and various states of the circular obstacles on heated lines, flow structure, velocities, and temperatures at mean positions generating isotherms, streamlines, velocity, and temperature profiles for various parameter increments. The analysis reveals significant influences of Reynolds number (Re) and heated circular obstacles on the temperature profile, manifesting as heated lines within the system. The analysis brings to light the substantial impacts of nanoparticles on the temperature profile at both the vertical and horizontal mean positions. An elevated Hartmann number signifies a more robust magnetic field than viscous forces. A heightened magnetic field can hinder fluid movement and modify the patterns of heat transfer. Based on the graphical results, we infer that temperature differences tend to arise between strata as the Richardson number increases, leading to a heightened and more evident stratification.