Thyroid nodules in pediatric patients are less common than in adults but show a higher malignancy rate. Accordingly, the management of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients is more complex the younger the patient is, needing careful evaluation by physicians. In adult patients, specific ultrasound (US) features have been associated with an increased risk of malignancy (ROM) in thyroid nodules. Moreover, several US risk stratification systems (RSSs) combining the US features of the nodule were built to define the ROM. RSSs are developed for the adult population and their use has not been fully validated in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the available data about US features of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients and to provide a summary of the evidence regarding the performance of RSS in predicting malignancy. Moreover, insights into the management of thyroid nodules in pediatric patients will be provided.
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Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R ChinaZhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R China
Li, Qiang
Yang, Lu
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Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R ChinaZhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R China
Yang, Lu
Yang, Liming
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Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R ChinaZhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R China
Yang, Liming
Jiang, Xianfeng
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Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Hangzhou, Peoples R ChinaZhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R China
Jiang, Xianfeng
Li, Shiyan
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Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R ChinaZhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Ultrasound, 3 Rd East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Peoples R China
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Yonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Park, Vivian Y.
Lee, Eunjung
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Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Lee, Eunjung
Lee, Hye Sun
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Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Biostat Collaborat Unit, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Lee, Hye Sun
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Kim, Hye Jung
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Yoon, Jiyoung
Son, Jinwoo
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Yonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
Son, Jinwoo
Song, Kijun
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Yonsei Univ, Coll Nursing, Dept Biostat, Seoul, South KoreaYonsei Univ, Severance Hosp, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol Sci,Dept Radiol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Kim, Pyeong Hwa
Yoon, Hee Mang
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Yoon, Hee Mang
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Baek, Jung Hwan
Chung, Sae Rom
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Chung, Sae Rom
Choi, Young Jun
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Choi, Young Jun
Lee, Jeong Hyun
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Lee, Jeong Hyun
Lee, Jin Seong
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Lee, Jin Seong
Jung, Ah Young
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Jung, Ah Young
Cho, Young Ah
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Res Inst Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Cho, Young Ah
Bak, Boram
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Univ Ulsan, Fdn Ind Cooperat, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea
Bak, Boram
Na, Dong Gyu
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GangNeung Asan Hosp, Dept Radiol, Kangnung, South Korea
Human Med Imaging & Intervent Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seoul, South KoreaUniv Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 88 Olymp Ro 43 Gil, Seoul 05505, South Korea