Leiomyosarcoma of the Duodenum: A Case Report on a Rarely Encountered Tumor

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an extremely rare malignant pathology affecting smooth muscle cells, with the uterus being the predominant location of LMS. Its occurrence in the duodenum is rare, making it a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Patients with duodenal LMS can present with very vague symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, loss of weight, or manifestations associated with internal gastrointestinal bleeding. In this case report, we have an 82-year-old female presenting with duodenal LMS, which is a very atypical location. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy and further workup revealed a duodenal mass, which was biopsied. The lump was identified as an LMS using immunohistochemistry and histopathology. Despite its rarity, it presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and radiological findings. By exploring the existing literature and clinical insights, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of this rare condition, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and tailored therapeutic strategies to diagnose and manage this disease entity effectively.