Agro-industrial waste to energy - Sustainable management

To prevent the continuously growing harmful impacts of industrial biomass, a clean and green waste management method is needed that can efficiently and cost-effectively convert this biomass into valuable products and by-products. Diverse biomasses are treated to unique processes in different industries to add value to various waste products from the agricultural, and food-processing industries. Various renewable organic elements, such as agricultural waste, can be turned into bioenergy. The majority of garbage may be managed such that only artificial materials are disposed of, allowing for proper physical or biological recycling. Utilizing clean technologies can help reduce waste, boost productivity, and lower the cost per unit of the final product. In addition to enabling waste recycling in an environment-friendly way, the valorization followed by the proper usage of biomass has an effective social and economic impact. This opens the door for a circular economy model for the different industries. The stress on energy resources is caused by the needs of the constantly growing population. It is conceivable that valuing biomass can lay a beneficial outcome in the form of bioenergy. A positive development for environmental preservation is the decrease in biowaste deposition and the substitution of conventional fuel with biofuels. These techniques control the accumulation of garbage on the planet and present a source of sustainable energy available to each living being. The economics of producing biofuels may be enhanced by co-producing them with other valuable byproducts. An Iranian study found that combining agricultural waste and animal fats can produce 527.55 million L of bioethanol and 58,945.95 tons of biodiesel each year. This review demonstrates an overview of how biomass can be used productively as a renewable energy source globally. Among all the agro-waste, lignocellulose waste has the highest potential to be used as a renewable source on a large scale in the form of biofuel.