Recent Research Progress and Perspectives on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Analogues for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are poised to surpass traditional silicon-based and thin-film photovoltaic technologies as a result of their impressive power conversion efficiencies. This review examines the integration of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in PSCs, compounds renowned for their robust optoelectronic properties and structural versatility. These macrocyclic compounds efficiently enhance PSC performance by facilitating improved charge transfer, broadening light absorption, and stabilizing the perovskite structure through the effective mitigation of ion migration. Typically employed as charge selective layers, porphyrins and phthalocyanines have also been incorporated within the perovskite photoactive layer to engineer two-dimensional perovskite structures and at interfaces to optimize surface energy levels. This review articulates how strategic doping and sensitization of these compounds aid in the crystallization and defect management of perovskite films, thereby boosting device efficiency and longevity. Moreover, the review elaborates on the design and development of these materials and concludes with prospective research avenues aimed at realizing highly efficient and durable PSCs. The advancements discussed highlight the significant potential of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as integral components in the next generation of photovoltaic devices.