Experimental investigation of slamming pressure on 3D bow flare

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional bow impact in water, a series of a bow flare water entry drop tests were carried out in water tank, and the snapshots of water entry were meticulously reported. The scale ratio of the bow model is 1:30. Findings reveal that second slamming can yield a higher slamming pressure coefficient and even surpass the pressure generated by the initial slamming. The temporal evolution of dimensionless pressure time histories exhibits remarkable similarity among points at the same height, with differences primarily attributed to peak values dependent on deadrise. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of velocity on slamming load. Results indicate that pressure coefficient near the bow is more responsive to impact velocity than elsewhere. Notably, experimental peak pressure is at least 3% lower than direct calculations using Wagner's formula or DNV rules away from the bow. However, due to the effective impact angle, experimental peak pressure can be up to 9 times higher than theoretical results in the flow separation area, underscoring the need for enhanced scrutiny in pressure direct calculation.