Problematic internet use: A growing concern for adolescent health and well-being in a digital era

Common mental health problems represent the largest burden of disease among young people. Globally, over one in seven adolescents suffer from mental health and behavioural disorders. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in this age group with more than 80% of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1]. While the causes of mental illness in young people are multifactorial [2] - encompassing genetic predisposition, environmental stressors, social influences, biological changes, psychological factors, and lifestyle choices - the interaction of these factors with their constant connectivity to digital media is increasingly evident to have a negative impact [3,4]. Although digital media offers a sense of connection and various benefits, excessive use can paradoxically heighten feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly when it replaces face-to-face interaction and real-world engagement [5]. For example, adolescents with a genetic predisposition might be more susceptible to the negative impacts of digital media, such as cyberbullying or exposure to harmful content, which can trigger or worsen their mental health issues [6]. Digital media can amplify societal norms that glorify certain body images or lifestyles, contributing to adverse health and behavioural outcomes such as body dysmorphia, eating disorders, and self-esteem problems [7]. Furthermore, exposure to harmful online content, particularly violent or sexually explicit material, can add stress to adolescents with genetic vulnerabilities, potentially triggering or worsening mental health problems [8].