Unveiling a Misdiagnosed Midline Cervical Cleft: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is a rare congenital abnormality of the ventral neck that is often misdiagnosed. We present a case of a 12-year-old male with a history of incomplete CMCC excision and limited neck extension. We highlight the need for increased awareness of this anomaly and propose a clinical algorithm for clinicians when faced with this rare congenital condition. CMCC typically presents at birth and involves a defect along the midline of the neck, characterized by a nipple-like protrusion of the skin and a fibrous cord with an underlying sinus. Micrognathia and mandibular growth restriction are anticipated consequences of CMCC, requiring early intervention. Current treatment guidelines recommend surgical excision prior to age two using a Z-plasty technique. This report emphasizes the rarity and diagnostic challenges of CMCC. It underscores the significance of accurate identification and appropriate surgical planning in a timely manner. Based on the authors' experience with this case and a review of the literature, we propose a clinical algorithm aimed to enhance CMCC diagnosis and management.