Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: current status, advances and challenges

In recent years, thanks to the advent of immunotherapy, the therapeutic landscape of non-oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a complete revolution. So far, several monoclonal antibodies directed against PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), administered alone or in combination with other agents have shown efficacy in metastatic setting as well as, more recently, even in the early-stage. We reviewed the role of immunotherapy in NSCLC focusing the attention not only on the results of the main currently available clinical trials but also on novel combination strategies.