Spatial Planning Data Structure Based on Blockchain Technology

Spatial planning requires ensuring the legality, uniformity, authority, and relevance of data. Blockchain technology, characterized by tamper-proofing, complete record-keeping, and process traceability, may effectively organize and manage spatial planning data. This study introduces blockchain technology to address common spatial planning problems, such as planning overlaps and conflicts. We developed a block structure, chain structure, and consensus algorithms tailored for spatial planning. To meet the data management requirements of these structures, we devised a primary unit division method based on the space and population standards of the 15 min life circle, using the Point Cloud Density Tiler. The validation experiments were conducted using the Hyperledger Fabric 2.0 technology framework in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, with the division method validated against the number and distribution of public service facilities. The validation results show that during the data storage process, the block size remains below 1.00 MB, the data redundancy is up to 21.30%, the consensus verification rate is 150.33 times per second, the block generation rate is 20.83 blocks per minute, and the equivalent data throughput is 12.21 transactions per second. This demonstrates that the proposed method effectively addresses the challenges of block size, data redundancy, consensus algorithm efficiency, and data throughput in blockchain technology. The findings demonstrate that the structures ensure legal, uniform, and authoritative spatial planning, and advance the application of blockchain technology in relevant fields. Additionally, we explored the application of a blockchain data structure in spatial planning monitoring and early warning. This technology can be further studied and applied in related fields.