Research on energy pricing of the hydrogen refueling station based on master-slave game in multi-market

In examining the transition towards low carbon emissions within the transportation sector, the advancement of Hhydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) has been identified as a crucial element in attaining the twin objectives of reaching a carbon peak and achieving carbon neutrality. Concurrently, the burgeoning maturity of both the carbon and green certificate markets has notably enhanced their integration with the electricity market. Within this context, hydrogen refueling stations (HRS), in conjunction with HFCVs, emerge as central components in future integrated energy systems. This study delves into the hydrogen pricing strategies employed by HRS operating within a multi-market framework under the aforementioned dual carbon conditions. We devised a bilevel master-slave game mode, the upper level of this model, designed to optimize HRS's profits. Conversely, the lower level minimizes the costs incurred for hydrogen refueling by the vehicles. In addition, the HRS partakes in the green certificate market and engages in the carbon market through carbon quotas, which are accrued during the refueling processes of all hydrogen vehicles at their facilities. A fraction of the revenue generated from the carbon market is redistributed to the users, thereby bolstering the economic benefits for both stakeholders. We adopt an iterative methodology to resolve this model that amalgamates the differential evolution algorithm with the Gurobi solver. This approach not only addresses concerns related to data privacy effectively but also maintains the integrity of the model's outcomes. The practicability and efficacy of this method are corroborated through meticulous case analysis.