On the spontaneous magnetization of two-dimensional ferromagnets

被引:0
|
作者
Pescia, D. [1 ]
Vindigni, A. [2 ]
机构
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Solid State Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[2] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
SPIN ANISOTROPY; TRANSITION; FILMS;
D O I
10.4279/PIP.160001
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
Ferromagnetism is typically discussed in terms of the exchange interaction and magnetic anisotropies. Yet real samples are inevitably affected by the magnetostatic dipole-dipole interaction. Because of this interaction, a theorem [R.B. Griffiths, Free Energy of interacting magnetic dipoles, Phys. Rev. 176, 655 (1968)] forbids a spontaneous magnetization in, nota bene, three-dimensional bodies. Here we discuss perpendicularly and in-plane magnetized ferromagnetic bodies in the shape of a slab of finite thickness. In perpendicularly magnetized slabs, magnetic domains are energetically favored when the lateral size is sufficiently large, i.e., there is no spontaneous magnetization. For in-plane magnetization, instead, spontaneous magnetization is possible below a critical thickness which, in very thin films, could be as small as few monolayers. At this critical thickness, we predict a genuine phase transition to a multi-domain state. These results have implications for two-dimensional ferromagnetism.
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页数:9
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