Comparison of energy consumption between hybrid and electric vehicles under real-world driving conditions

Electrified vehicle batteries primarily use lithium-ion batteries. During vehicle operation, the charge and discharge cycles cause battery aging, leading to reduced battery lifespan. This issue is particularly pronounced in nickel-rich nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) cathodes. In addition, when the battery operates at low temperatures, increased internal resistance further reduces its lifespan. The electrification of internal combustion engine vehicles is underway. However, realistically it is not feasible. Therefore, research on hybrid electric vehicles that utilize both engines and motors is necessary. hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) utilize various motor control strategies according to the state of charge (SoC) and accelerator pedals, which are influenced by various factors including driving patterns and routes. In this study, the energy efficiencies of hybrid and electric vehicles was compared under real-world driving conditions. In the eco driving mode, which is characterized by frequent motor operation, energy-consumption efficiency levels similar to those of electric vehicles were observed. However, during real-world road tests at ambient temperatures, the energy consumption efficiency of electric vehicles deteriorated compared to that of HEVs owing to internal battery resistance. Therefore, in energy efficiency evaluation studies, it is essential to validate the characteristics that reflect the various influencing factors of real-world driving environments.