Avelumab in the Treatment of Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUNDAvelumab, a programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor, has shown success in providing durable responses for difficult-to-treat Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs).OBJECTIVEEvaluate the efficacy and safety of avelumab in the treatment of advanced MCC.METHODSStudies reporting the use of avelumab as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents in the treatment of stage III or IV (advanced) MCC were included. The primary outcomes were overall response rate, overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events.RESULTSA total of 48 studies were included, involving 1,565 patients with advanced MCC. Most patients were male (1,051, 67.3%) with stage IV MCC (517, 97.0%). The overall response rate was 46.1% (partial response-25.4% and complete response-20.7%) after a mean follow-up period of 9.5 months. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the pooled stage III and IV group demonstrated OS rates of 58% at 1 year, 47% at 2 years, and 28% at 5 years after completion of treatment with avelumab (median OS: 23.1 months). The most common treatment-related adverse events consisted of constitutional (44%), gastrointestinal (19%), and dermatologic (12%) symptoms.CONCLUSIONAvelumab monotherapy and combination therapy have shown success in the overall response rate and survival for patients with advanced MCC.