Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research in Galenic Remedies of Solidago canadensis L. Herb

Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) is a rhizomatous plant of the Asteraceae family. In folk medicine, Solidago galenic remedies are used for diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract, liver, etc. Externally, goldenrod is used to treat purulent wounds, furunculosis, and gum abscesses as washes and compresses. The aims of this research were to study the yield and chemical composition of essential oil (EO), the anti-inflammatory activity of S. canadensis dry extracts based on its decoction and tincture. In EO (2.8 mL/kg) of S. canadensis were identified and quantified 34 compounds. The principal compounds of the EO from flowering tops of S. canadensis were alpha-pinene (20.36%), beta-copaene (16.16%), bornyl acetate (10.45%), D-limonene (8.21%), and beta-elemene (6.80%). In the S. canadensis dry extracts were identified and quantified 20 phenolics (10 flavonoids, 8 hydroxycinnamic acids and 2 phenolic acids) and 14 amino acids, 7 of which are essential. The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-dicafeylquinic and 3,4-dicafeylquinic acids. The main flavonoids were rutin and isoquercitrin. The main amino acids (more than 1 mg/g) were proline, histidine, serine, alanine, aspartic acid, lysine and glutamic acid. The extracts of S. canadensis were characterized as practically non-toxic substances (toxicity class V). The extracts act on the exudative phase of inflammation. The antiexudative effect of the dry aqueous-alcohol S. canadensis extract was 23.59%, and for the aqueous one -19.26%. The dry aqueous-alcohol S. canadensis extract showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.