An overview: Analytical method development and validation of citicoline and nimodipine

Citicoline is one type of nootropic. It is used to treat neurological conditions such as brain stroke, trauma, parkinson's disease and brain insufficiency. By selectively inhibiting L-type calcium channels found in the cerebral blood vessel smooth muscle cells, imidapine functions as a calcium channel blocker. Many chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, including UV, GC plasma samples by LC-MS, UPLC, HPTLC, stability-indicating HPLC and HPLC, have been extensively used for citicoline. The review covers the optimization of chromatographic conditions, such as detection techniques, mobile phase composition, and column selection. The review explores the variety of analytical methods applied to nimodipine, including capillary electrophoresis (CE), ultraviolet spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The review also looks at new developments in hyphenated techniques for measuring citicoline and nimodipine simultaneously in complex biological samples. Examples of these techniques are GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). There is a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, providing insights into how well they work in clinical and pharmaceutical research. The overall goal of this review is to provide researchers and analysts working on the creation and verification of analytical techniques for nimodipine and citicoline with a thorough reference. The insights provided herein contribute to the advancement of analytical methodologies, ensuring the accurate and reliable quantification of these compounds in various matrices, thereby facilitating their pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic monitoring.