Factors Related to Clinical Performance in Spine Surgery Fellowship: Can We Predict Success

Introduction:The factors most important in the spine fellowship match may not ultimately correlate with quality of performance during fellowship. This study examined the spine fellow applicant metrics correlated with high application rank compared with the metrics associated with the strongest clinical performance during fellowship.Methods:Spine fellow applications at three academic institutions were retrieved from the San Francisco Match database (first available to 2021) and deidentified for application review. Application metrics pertaining to research, academics, education, extracurriculars, leadership, examinations, career interests, and letter of recommendations were extracted. Attending spine surgeons involved in spine fellow selection at their institutions were sent a survey to rank (1) fellow applicants based on their perceived candidacy and (2) the strength of performance of their previous fellows. Pearson correlation assessed the associations of application metrics with theoretical fellow rank and actual performance.Results:A total of 37 spine fellow applications were included (Institution A: 15, Institution B: 12, Institution C: 10), rated by 14 spine surgeons (Institution A: 6, Institution B: 4, Institution C: 4). Theoretical fellow rank demonstrated a moderate positive association with overall research, residency program rank, recommendation writer H-index, US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, and journal reviewer positions. Actual fellow performance demonstrated a moderate positive association with residency program rank, recommendation writer H-index, USMLE scores, and journal reviewer positions. Linear regressions identified journal reviewer positions (ss = 1.73, P = 0.002), Step 1 (ss = 0.09, P = 0.010) and Step 3 (ss = 0.10, P = 0.002) scores, recommendation writer H-index (ss = 0.06, P = 0.029, and ss = 0.07, P = 0.006), and overall research (ss = 0.01, P = 0.005) as predictors of theoretical rank. Recommendation writer H-index (ss = 0.21, P = 0.030) and Alpha Omega Alpha achievement (ss = 6.88, P = 0.021) predicted actual performance.Conclusion:Residency program reputation, USMLE scores, and a recommendation from an established spine surgeon were important in application review and performance during fellowship. Research productivity, although important during application review, was not predictive of fellow performance.Level of Evidence:IIIStudy Design:Cohort Study.