Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy

Glioblastoma is a strong challenge in the worldwide field of central nervous system malignancies. GBM's inherent heterogeneity, along with the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, supports its resistance to current therapy methods. Immunotherapeutic methods have emerged as potential options in recent years. However, because of the inherent limits of traditional immunotherapeutic techniques innovative approaches are required. Advances in cut-edge techniques provide a possible route for improving effector cell effectiveness. This review gives insight into the complicated immunosuppressive pathways in GBM, with a particular emphasis on CAR T/NK-cell treatment as a potential achievement. Recognizing and addressing these concerns might open the way for more effective and focused glioblastoma therapies, providing hope for the future with the aim of improved outcomes for patients. In addition, this review presents valuable insights into the integration of nanotechnology into CAR T/NK cell therapy for enhanced efficiency of these personalized gene therapy products.