Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds in coal and coal-based solid wastes: Relationship with coal-forming paleoenvironment and implications for environmental pollution

In this study, coal and coal-based solid wastes (coal gangue, fly ash, bottom ash, desulfurized gypsum and tar residue) were collected from major coal mines, power plants and coking plants in Lianghuai mining area (LH), China, and were analyzed for 76 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), 27 n-alkanes and 2 isoprenoids (phytane and pristane). The total n-alkanes concentrations and & sum;(76) PACs in raw coals (640 +/- 600 and 180 +/- 87 mu g/g) were higher than those in coal-based solid wastes (47 +/- 40 and 24 +/- 25 mu g/g), but were lower than those in tar residue (3700 and 63,000 mu g/g). It was discovered that the depositional paleoenvironment in LH was mostly a lacustrine and freshwater environment with oxidizing conditions and mixed organic matter input, but the Huainan coalfield had stronger oxidizing conditions and more input of terrestrial organic matter than that of the Huaibei coalfield. Alkylated PACs made up 56 +/- 12 % of the & sum;(76)PACs in raw coals, whereas solid wastes mainly consisted of 16 EPA PAHs (66 +/- 16 %). Coal combustion and gangue weathering altered the structural properties of n-alkanes and PACs, resulting in a significant loss of n-alkanes and PACs, a higher proportion of parent PACs, and an increased abundance of short n-alkanes in the products (No apparent change of n-alkanes composition was observed through gangue weathering). The toxicity of PACs in raw coal and its solid wastes in LH from high to low was tar residue, raw coal, coal gangue, and coal-fired products. This investigation further confirmed that traditional diagnostic ratios may distort source information, and that they should not be used to assess PACs sources from raw coal particles or coal gangues, but rather to identify combustion sources near the point source. In addition, Retene/(Retene + Chrysene) < 0.03 may indicate direct contamination of raw coal particles.