Sesamol Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Gel Engineered for Wound Healing via Topical Delivery: Optimization In vitro and Ex vivo Evaluation

Purpose: The current investigation involved the development and application of a topical treatment for wound healing for sesamol loaded into the silver nanoparticles (SML-AgNPs). Methods: SML-AgNPs were produced through the application of microwave technique. The SML-AgNPs were further optimized utilizing a Box Behnken Design (BBD). Results: The Opt-SML-AgNPs formulation that was optimized demonstrated a particle size of 160.49 +/- 1.11 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.241 +/- 0.54, a zeta potential of -21.09 +/- 0.88 mV, and an efficiency of 84.19 +/- 1.19%. The morphology of the Opt-SML-AgNPs reveals a spherical structure. The Opt-SML-AgNPs exhibit a higher in vitro drug release rate as compared to the SML suspension. The Opt-SML-AgNPs were incorporated into the carbopol gel (Opt-SML-AgNPG) and evaluated for various parameters. The skin permeation investigation revealed a twofold increase for the Opt-SML-AgNPG formulation when compared to the SML-conventional gel formulation. This finding indicates a prolonged release pattern and an enhanced permeability profile. The Opt-SML-AgNPs formulation exhibited a higher level of antioxidant activity when compared to the SML solution which is beneficial for wound healing. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Opt-SML-AgNPG exhibits considerable potential in effectively penetrating the deeper dermal layers. Therefore, it may be considered that they possess the potential to serve as a suitable nanocarrier to administer topical delivery in the context of treating skin-related illnesses.