Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the phrenic nerve for intractable hiccups: a novel use case report

Background Intractable hiccups, defined as those persisting for over 1 month, represent a rare but significant clinical challenge often associated with substantial morbidity and refractory to standard treatments.Case presentation This case report describes the innovative use of phrenic nerve peripheral neuromodulation for managing chronic intractable hiccups in a 73-year-old male patient with a 6-year history of daily hiccups. Conventional treatments and interventional procedures had failed to provide lasting relief. Bilateral phrenic nerve peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) placed under ultrasound guidance resulted in immediate and substantial improvement, with the patient's Hiccup Assessment Instrument score decreasing from 6/10 to 2/10. The patient experienced significant enhancements in speech and quality of life without complications.Conclusions This novel application of phrenic nerve PNS highlights its potential as a therapeutic strategy for intractable hiccups, underscoring their pathophysiologic involvement of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. The findings suggest that phrenic nerve PNS could offer a viable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies, warranting further research to establish its long-term efficacy and safety.