Complexation of Gold(I) and Gold(III) in solutions

The present review critically observes literature data on stability constants of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes in aqueous and non-aqueous medium. The equilibrium constants of complexation or ligand exchange as well as the values of E0 for the redox processes [Au+3Lx](z +/-) + 3e = Au + xL((-3 +/- z)/x) and [Au+1Lx](z +/-) + e = Au + xL((-1 +/- z)/x) are reported or calculated using the results of other researchers. Information about the composition and stability of the products formed by gold species with macrobiomolecules such as proteins and DNA is provided. When analyzing an interaction between a gold complex and biomolecule, several competing processes should be taken into account, including equilibria of ligand exchange, hydrolysis of gold complex, and binding of gold or free ligand to protein or DNA. The review aims to help those who develop new gold-based drugs and might be of interest to specialists in gold chemistry.