Climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation in the agricultural sector

The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Indonesia's agricultural industry, addressing a significant research gap. By classifying approaches into ecological, economic, and social aspects, it presents valuable information for decision-makers and industry professionals. The review reveals an increasing interest in climate change adaptation and mitigation research between 2016 and 2021, with a subsequent decrease from 2021 to 2023.The majority of research is centered on crop farming, accounting for 60 percent of the studies conducted. The primary areas of study are concentrated in Java, which is a crucial region for crop production, making up 46 percent of the research locations. The sub-sectors examined include crop farming and fisheries. Ecological adaptation in crop farming involves technology adoption, intensive farming management, environmentally friendly agriculture, cropping pattern and timing adjustments, water management, superior varieties, and crop diversification. Within the realm of fisheries, ecological adaptation involves embracing new technology, modifying fishing schedules, and shifting fishing locations. Economic adaptation strategies encompass household consumption reduction, access to credit and insurance, livelihood diversification, asset selling, and savings utilization. Social adaptation encompasses utilizing indigenous knowledge, enhancing interpersonal connections, and supporting agricultural or fishing communities. The study delves into socioeconomic factors influencing adaptation and mitigation to climate change impacts, including individual characteristics, resource access, and institutional involvement. Farmers' ability to adapt is greatly influenced by factors such as gender, education, and access to resources. It is important to consider that while adapting and mitigating climate change may involve temporary drawbacks like decreased productivity and initial financial burdens, the long-term advantages for small-scale farmers are substantial, including improved wellbeing and increased resilience. This study aids in identifying adaptation and mitigation strategies to guide farmers and policymakers in reducing risks and building resilience within the agricultural system. Limitations in Indonesian studies, particularly outside Java, and the focus on fisheries and livestock sub-sectors provide opportunities for further research. It enhances the academic impact on the progression of knowledge growth in the field of climate change adaptation and mitigation within the agricultural industry of Indonesia.