Thermospheric nitric oxide energy budget during extreme geomagnetic storms: a comparative study

被引:3
|
作者
Bag, Tikemani [1 ]
Kataoka, R. [1 ]
Ogawa, Y. [1 ]
Fujiwara, H. [2 ]
Li, Z. [3 ]
Singh, Vir [4 ]
Sivakumar, V. [5 ]
Sridharan, S. [6 ]
Pirnaris, P. [7 ]
Tourgaidis, T. [7 ]
机构
[1] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan
[2] Seikei Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan
[3] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Inst Space Weather, Nanjing, Peoples R China
[4] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Phys, Roorkee, India
[5] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Discipline Phys, Durban, South Africa
[6] Natl Atmospher Res Lab, Gadanki, India
[7] Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Xanthi, Greece
来源
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES | 2024年 / 11卷
基金
日本学术振兴会;
关键词
extreme geomagnetic storm; thermospheric cooling power; nitric oxide emission; TIMED-SABER satellite observations; TIEGCM simulations; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; IONOSPHERE; NOVEMBER; RECOVERY; PHASE; EMISSION; OXYGEN; MAGNETOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE;
D O I
10.3389/fspas.2024.1273079
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We selected three superstorms (disturbance storm time [Dst] index less than -350 nT) of 2003-04 to study the thermospheric energy budget with a particular emphasis on the thermospheric cooling emission by nitric oxide via a wavelength of 5.3 mu m. The nitric oxide radiative emission data are obtained from the Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite and the thermosphere ionosphere electrodynamic general circulation model (TIEGCM) simulation. Different energy sources for the magnetospheric energy injection and the thermospheric/ionospheric dissipation processes are calculated using empirical formulations, model simulations, and space-borne and ground-based measurements. The Joule heating rates calculated from different sources showed similar variations but significant differences in the magnitude. The nitric oxide cooling power is calculated by zonally and meridionally integrating the cooling flux in the altitude range of 100-250 km. The satellite observed that cooling flux responds faster to the energy input, as compared to the modeled results. The cooling power increases by an order of magnitude during storm time with maximum radiation observed during the recovery phase. Both the satellite-observed and modeled cooling powers show a strong positive correlation with the Joule heating power during the main phase of the storm. It is found that the maximum radiative power does not occur during the strongest storm, and it strongly depends on the duration of the main phase. The model simulation predicts a higher cooling power than that predicted by the observation. During a typical superstorm, on average, a cooling power of 1.87 x 105 GW exiting the thermosphere is estimated by the TIEGCM simulation. On average, it is about 40% higher than the satellite observation.
引用
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页数:19
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