Effects of piston cooling gallery geometry on temperature and flow in a heavy-duty diesel engine

In an internal combustion engine, the values of the heat and pressure increase considerably over the combustion cycle. One of the most effective methods of cooling the piston is the piston cooling gallery. In this study, we investigated the effects of different geometries of the piston cooling gallery on piston cooling in a heavy-duty diesel engine, with the aim of finding the most suitable geometry for piston cooling and increasing heat dissipation through the piston cooling gallery. To achieve this, the most suitable piston gallery geometry for piston cooling was first determined. The diameter of the inlet hole of the oil gallery was then varied, and the diameter that provided the best results in terms of piston cooling was found. The aim was to determine the hole diameter of the oil gallery that drew the most heat into the oil gallery of the piston and reduced the piston temperatures the most. Based on our experimental results for a piston in a heavy-duty diesel engine, computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed and newly designed geometries for the piston oil gallery were compared with the existing geometry. Analyses were then performed by changing the diameter of the inlet hole diameter of the oil gallery for a given geometry. The amount of heat transferred into the oil gallery was evaluated based on the diameter of the oil gallery inlet hole and the maximum temperature at the top of the piston. As a result of these analyses, the geometry of the piston cooling gallery and the diameter of the oil inlet hole that ensured the highest heat transfer and the lowest piston temperature were determined.