Recent advances in batch production of transfer-free graphene

Large-area transfer-free graphene films prepared via chemical vapor deposition have proved appealing for various applications, with exciting examples in electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics. To achieve their commercialisation, batch production is a prerequisite. Nevertheless, the prevailing scalable synthesis strategies that have been reported are still obstructed by production inefficiencies and non-uniformity. There has also been a lack of reviews in this realm. We present herein a comprehensive and timely summary of recent advances in the batch production of transfer-free graphene. Primary issues and promising approaches for improving the graphene growth rate are first addressed, followed by a discussion of the strategies to guarantee in-plane and batch uniformity for graphene grown on planar plates and wafer-scale substrates, with the design of the target equipment to meet productivity requirements. Finally, potential research directions are outlined, aiming to offer insights into guiding the scalable production of transfer-free graphene. This review discusses recent advances in batch production of transfer-free graphene, presenting the key challenges and outlining the future directions.