A hypothetical model of phytoremediation for bioremediation of heavy metals toxicity in agricultural system

Heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils has become a significant concern due to its detrimental effects on crop growth, productivity and food safety. Understanding the sources of heavy metals and implementing effective remediation strategies is crucial for ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity. In this hypothetical model, we aim to explore the intricate dynamics of heavy metals contamination in agricultural systems, identify potential sources, and propose innovative remediation approach through phytoremediation. This model suggests that heavy metals in agricultural systems can originate from various pathways including, natural sources, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric deposition. Once the heavy metals enter to agricultural soils, they can be taken up by plants either through root uptake which are then translocate to various plant tissues or via foliar absorption through direct contact with contaminated air or irrigation water. This high amount of heavy metals uptake mainly interfere with the uptake and assimilation of essential nutrients, leading to nutrient deficiencies in plants, and the excessive accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues induce toxicity and oxidative stress, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and impaired plant growth. To mitigate these adverse effects of heavy metals contamination, a phytoremediation strategies can be implemented to remove heavy metal contaminants from the soil. Specific plant species, based on the climatic zone, that have the ability to accumulate and tolerate heavy metals, could either be implanted on irrigation channels or grown as covers/farm forestry around agricultural fields. This could prevent field crops from toxic heavy metals and ensure the long-term agricultural productivity and safety of our agricultural lands. The model showcases the capability of phytoremediation to address environmental pollution by utilizing particular plant species to reduce harmful contaminants in soil, water, and air, promoting sustainable agriculture.