Prevalence of and factors associated with chronic kidney disease among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending care and treatment centers at tertiary hospitals in dodoma, Tanzania

Background: The burden and risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is higher than in the general population. This study aimed to determine prevalence of and associated factors with CKD among adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus at tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania. Method: ology: A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2022 to April 2023. Patients ' demographic data, and clinical measurements were obtained on the day of the visit. Laboratory investigations were performed as standard of care. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed, and variables associated with CKD were identified by multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 223 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 47 (IQR 38 -56) years, and 72.2 % were female. The CKD prevalence was 23.3 % whereby 18.4 % had CKD stage 3a, 4.5 % had CKD stage 3 b, and 0.4 % had CKD stage 4. CKD was observed largely among patients with obesity (34.15 %), anemia (29.41 %), hypertension (45.00 %), and diabetes mellitus (50.00 %). Variables with higher odds for CKD after adjusted analysis were hypertension (OR 3.03, 95 %% CI 1.29 -7.11, P = 0.0109), diabetes mellitus (OR 4.50, 95 % CI 1.35 -15.03, P = 0.0144), obesity (OR 3.07, 95 % CI 1.11 -8.47, P = 0.0301), anaemia (OR 2.42, 95 % CI 1.12 -5.26, P = 0.0252) and for each one -unit increase in age (years), there was statistically significant increase in the odds of having CKD by 1.084 folds (OR = 1.084, 95 % CI 1.039 -1.131, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD among patients with HIV/AIDS is high. Age, obesity, anaemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were strongly associated with CKD suggesting a need for integrating initiatives for non -communicable disease control in this population.