Emerging Horizons in Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

In recent decades, titanium (Ti)-based materials have emerged as paramount contenders for biomedical applications. This study presents a comprehensive examination of the advancements in Ti alloys and composites tailored for biomedical applications through laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Specifically, we delve into prominent laser-based AM methods such as (1) selective laser sintering, (2) selective laser melting, (3) direct metal laser sintering, and (4) laser-engineered net shaping. Moreover, we elucidate the incorporation of these state-of-the-art AM systems in the synthesis of Ti alloys and composites. Conclusively, the pivotal nuances demanding rigorous exploration to enhance the properties of Ti-based materials in the biomedical realm are highlighted.