Polymer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal Treatment of Ehrlich Adenocarcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is recognized as an effective tool for the treatment of cancer and it has attracted considerable attention of scientists. In this work, gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) stabilized using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), pristine gellan gum (PGG), and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-grafted gellan gum (GG-g-PEtOx) are synthesized and evaluated as PTT agents in Ehrlich cancer cells. The physicochemical characteristics of these AuNSs and AuNRs, including their surface plasmon resonance absorption spectra, size, zeta potential, and aspect ratio are studied using UV-vis-spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and optical microscopy techniques. The polymer-protected AuNSs exhibit light-to-heat conversion, raising the temperature from 37 to 43 degrees C when irradiated using a visible light source. In the case of AuNSs, considerable damage to Ehrlich cancer cells is observed following irradiation and 40 days of examination. However, with regard to AuNSs, the damage to Ehrlich cancer cells is slightly lower than observed in AuNRs. In vivo experiments demonstrate that laser irradiation of tumors in mice after injecting AuNSs leads to a statistically significant decrease in tumor size as compared to those not irradiated and the control samples. The gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) are stabilized by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), pristine gellan gum, and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-grafted gellan gum. Polymer-protected AuNSs and AuNRs suppress the growth of Ehrlich cancer cells by 10-40 times compared to the control. In vivo experiments demonstrate a significant decrease in tumor size of mice after injection of AuNSs-PVP 40 kDa and irradiation with visible light. image