Management of type 2 diabetes in New Zealand: a scoping review of interventions with measurable clinical outcomes

Objective: This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management in New Zealand on clinical outcomes, and explore the factors impacting their feasibility and acceptability. Study design: Scoping review. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched between January 2000 and July 2023. Reference lists of included studies were hand searched to identify additional articles. Results: The search yielded 550 publications, of which 11 were included in the final review. Most interventions (n = 10) focussed on education and seven were delivered by health professionals. Supporting factors for interventions included clinical/peer support (n = 8) and whanau (family) involvement (n = 6). Hindering factors included non-adherence (n = 4) and high drop-out (n = 4). Most studies reported modest improvement in HbA1c and weight at six months, but minimal change in HbA1c, weight, lipids, renal profile, and blood pressure by two years. Conclusion: Future interventions should involve culturally appropriate approaches to improve engagement and acceptability while addressing lifestyle and medication adherence for T2D management. T2D interventions not widely disseminated via academic channels need to be further identified. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for Public Health. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).