A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

被引:0
|
作者
Neagu, Anca-Narcisa [1 ]
Jayaweera, Taniya [2 ]
Weraduwage, Krishan [2 ]
Darie, Costel C. [2 ]
机构
[1] Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Fac Biol, Lab Anim Histol, Carol 1bvd 20A, Iasi 700505, Romania
[2] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Biochem & Prote Labs, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
breast cancer (BC); nanorobots; nanobiomedicine; nano-theranostics; DRUG-DELIVERY; NANOPARTICLES; HALLMARKS; NANOMEDICINE; APOPTOSIS; THERAPY; CELLS; NANOPLATFORM; AUTOPHAGY; EVASION;
D O I
10.3390/ijms25094981
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
We are living in an era of advanced nanoscience and nanotechnology. Numerous nanomaterials, culminating in nanorobots, have demonstrated ingenious applications in biomedicine, including breast cancer (BC) nano-theranostics. To solve the complicated problem of BC heterogeneity, non-targeted drug distribution, invasive diagnostics or surgery, resistance to classic onco-therapies and real-time monitoring of tumors, nanorobots are designed to perform multiple tasks at a small scale, even at the organelles or molecular level. Over the last few years, most nanorobots have been bioengineered as biomimetic and biocompatible nano(bio)structures, resembling different organisms and cells, such as urchin, spider, octopus, fish, spermatozoon, flagellar bacterium or helicoidal cyanobacterium. In this review, readers will be able to deepen their knowledge of the structure, behavior and role of several types of nanorobots, among other nanomaterials, in BC theranostics. We summarized here the characteristics of many functionalized nanodevices designed to counteract the main neoplastic hallmark features of BC, from sustaining proliferation and evading anti-growth signaling and resisting programmed cell death to inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, preventing genomic instability, avoiding immune destruction and deregulating autophagy. Most of these nanorobots function as targeted and self-propelled smart nano-carriers or nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs), enhancing the efficiency and safety of chemo-, radio- or photodynamic therapy, or the current imagistic techniques used in BC diagnosis. Most of these nanorobots have been tested in vitro, using various BC cell lines, as well as in vivo, mainly based on mice models. We are still waiting for nanorobots that are low-cost, as well as for a wider transition of these favorable effects from laboratory to clinical practice.
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页数:27
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