Novel Optimal Configuration Approach for off-grid microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage Using Mantis Search Algorithm

Energy storage systems are increasingly deployed globally for future energy planning. Fluctuations in solar radiation and wind speed often generate extra or shortage of electricity from solar photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines. Introducing hybrid energy storage systems becomes pivotal in bolstering the reliability of power generation through solar installations and wind speed. Microgrids are essential infrastructure within smart grid frameworks, particularly in photovoltaic systems. This paper introduces an innovative methodology to assess the incorporation of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine renewable energy systems (RES) together with Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell Energy Storage Systems (EFCS) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). In order to enhance the system's reliability, a backup diesel generator (DG) has been included in the configuration. A novel framework for configuring the off-grid hybrid energy system that combines Electrolyzer, fuel cells (FC), wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries (BATT), and DGs to determine the optimal size of each unit to meet the load demand. To accomplish this, each component undergoes modeling, with the total annual cost serving as the foundation for defining the objective function. Additionally, the optimization problem considers the highest permissible loss of power supply probability (LPSP), ensuring system dependability. Moreover, the minimization of the dummy load has been considered in the objective function. The Mantis Search Algorithm (MSA) algorithm is applied for the first time to minimize the objective function of hybrid energy systems. a noteworthy proficiency in exploitation and exploration is the main feature of applying the MSA algorithm. A practical case study is applied to the proposed methodology, and the results are analyzed. The PV/Wind/FC/Electrolyzer/batteries/DG configuration based MSA algorithm emerges as a cost-effective energy system.