Emerging Studies on Zataria multiflora Boiss L.: Pioneering the Antimicrobial and Antifungal Characteristics - A Systematic Review

Background and Objective: Zataria multiflora Boiss L., a medicinal herb, is addressed for its diverse biological characteristics, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and pain-relieving characteristics. However, specific mechanisms and compounds responsible for these effects are still under investigation, particularly for their comparative efficacies. The aim of this study was to bridge this knowledge gaps by providing a focused novel analysis of the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antifungal effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss, highlighting its potential health benefits and therapeutic uses. Material and Methods: This review was carried out following standard protocols for systematic analyses. Comprehensive literature searches were carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Key composition" and "biological activities". The review time period included 2003 to 2023 with 71 relevant articles selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This approach ensured adherence to the journal formatting standards for systematic reviews. Results and Conclusion: The present analysis highlighted thymol and carvacrol as the primary compounds of interest in Zataria multiflora Boiss L. linked to its most potent antimicrobial and antifungal effects. Additionally, it was discovered that the antifungal characteristics of this herb were particularly pronounced, surpassing its other biological activities. However, the review included a limited evidence regarding the plant sedative and muscle relaxant characteristics, which fell outside the primary scope of this study on antimicrobial and antifungal effects.