Effectiveness of pre-treated wood particles and halogen-free flame retardants used in wood-plastic composites

被引:45
|
作者
Schirp, Arne [1 ]
Su, Shen [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] WKI, Fraunhofer Inst Wood Res, Bienroder Weg 54E, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany
[2] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Polymer Res, Schwarzheide, Germany
关键词
Wood-plastic composites (WPC); Flame retardants; Limiting oxygen index; Single flame source test; Mechanical properties; Water absorption; FIRE RETARDANCY; AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYPROPYLENE; FLOUR;
D O I
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.016
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites (WPC) needs to be improved to widen the applications for these composites. This may be accomplished by protecting both polymer matrix and wood filler with a fire-retardant (FR). In this study, hardly inflammable particleboard converted into wood flour (B1-particleboard flour) was used in combination with several halogen-free FRs. The fire performance and thermal properties of the WPC (matrix: recycled polypropylene) were investigated using limiting oxygen index analysis (LOI), a modified single-flame source test, fire shaft test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combination of B1-particleboard flour, expandable graphite and red phosphorous led to the highest LOI (38.3). However, at the same time, relatively high water absorption of this formulation was observed which was attributed to the reaction of ammonium polyphosphate in the B1-particleboard flour and red phosphorous which was added during the compounding step, leading to increased hydrophilicity of the composite. The combination of B1-particleboard flour and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or phosphorized expandable graphite to protect the polymer matrix offered the best overall performance when taking into account LOI (here: 34-35), tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and water absorption values. The WPC-formulation including B1-particleboard flour and APP did not pass the requirements of the German fire shaft test according to DIN 4102-1, however, the duration until smoke gas temperature exceeded 200 degrees C was more than doubled compared to a commercial WPC-profile based on PP without fire-retardants. The modified single-flame source test showed that all WPC formulations were self-extinguishing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:81 / 92
页数:12
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [21] Material resistance of flame retarded wood-plastic composites against fire and fungal decay
    Naumann, Annette
    Seefeldt, Henrik
    Stephan, Ina
    Braun, Ulrike
    Noll, Matthias
    POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, 2012, 97 (07) : 1189 - 1196
  • [22] Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects between Aluminum Hydroxide and Halogen-Free Flame Retardants in High Density Polyethylene Composites
    Xu, Zhi-sheng
    Yan, Long
    Chen, Lei
    2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERFORMANCE-BASED FIRE AND FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING (ICPFFPE 2015), 2016, 135 : 631 - 636
  • [23] Improving the color stability of wood-plastic composites through fiber pre-treatment
    Stark, Nicole M.
    Mueller, Scott A.
    WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE, 2008, 40 (02): : 271 - 278
  • [24] Substitution potentials of recycled HDPE and wood particles from post-consumer packaging waste in Wood-Plastic Composites
    Sommerhuber, Philipp F.
    Welling, Johannes
    Krause, Andreas
    WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2015, 46 : 76 - 85
  • [25] Flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites by radiation-curing phosphorus-containing resins
    Gibier, Maximilien
    Lacoste, Clement
    Corn, Stephane
    Pucci, Monica Francesca
    Quoc Khoi Tran
    Haurie, Laia
    Sonnier, Rodolphe
    RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY, 2020, 170
  • [26] Flame retardant and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites with multi-layer sandwich structures
    Guo, Yujia
    Xu, Jingwen
    Chen, Wenli
    Fan, Qi
    Sun, Lichao
    Wang, Qingwen
    Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao/Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41 (07): : 3738 - 3746
  • [27] Thermal Stability and Flame Resistance of the Coextruded Wood-Plastic Composites Containing Talc-Filled Plastic Shells
    Huang, Runzhou
    Zhang, Xian
    Chen, Zhilin
    Wan, Minli
    Wu, Qinglin
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE, 2020, 2020
  • [28] ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY-BASALT COMPOSITES MODIFIED WITH HALOGEN-FREE INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANTS
    Barczewski, Mateusz
    Matykiewicz, Danuta
    Andrzejewski, Jacek
    Salasinska, Kamila
    Paszkiewicz, Sandra
    Piasecki, Adam
    Anisko, Joanna
    Hejna, Aleksander
    Przestacki, Damian
    COMPOSITES THEORY AND PRACTICE, 2023, 23 (04): : 239 - 246
  • [29] Investigation of the Fire Performance of Polyamide 6-Based Composites with Halogen-free Flame Retardants and Synergistic Materials
    Uysalman, Tugce
    Saglam, Merve
    Eraslan, Kerim
    Cekin, Hava
    Seki, Yoldas
    Altay, Lutfiye
    Sarikanat, Mehmet
    ACS OMEGA, 2022, 7 (33): : 28885 - 28895
  • [30] Influence synergetic effect of halloysite nanotubes and halogen-free flame-retardants on properties nitrile rubber composites
    Rybinski, Przemyslaw
    Janowska, Grazyna
    THERMOCHIMICA ACTA, 2013, 557 : 24 - 30