Modeling spatiotemporal temperature dynamics of large-format power batteries: A multi-source information fusion approach

Uneven temperature distributions can significantly impact battery performance and cycle life. Industrial applications, in particular, where unknown disturbances and limited sensors exist, pose significant challenges for accurately estimating the battery temperature field. This work proposes a multi -source information fusion framework for capturing the spatiotemporal temperature dynamics of pouch -type Lithium -ion batteries. First, we develop a system model of the battery thermal process based on physical insights, considering unknown parameter deviations and unmodeled dynamics. Next, we use the Galerkin-spectral method to expand the spatiotemporal variable and reduce the original infinite -dimensional system to a low -order model containing the most important system modes. The unknown component of the model is then entirely stripped and integrated into a nonlinear term. To close the reality gap of the physics -based model, we subsequently develop an error compensation model that learns the dynamic behavior from sparse observations. Ultimately, our framework design yields a fusion -driven model for reliable temperature field prediction. Simulations and experimental data validate the superior performance and generalization capability of the proposed method.