The Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Attributable Risk Factors in Iran, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: This study presents estimates for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) burden and attributable risk factors Iran from 1990 - 2019, using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Methods: This study reports prevalence, incidence, death, disability -adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) of T2DM in Iran, by sex, age, and province, from 1990 to 2019. We present the T2DM burden attributable to risk factors. Results are reported in absolute number and age -standardized rates. Results: Overall, the burden of T2DM had increased greatly since 1990. In 2019, the T2DM incidence and prevalence cases were 291,482 (a 374% increase) and 5,035,012 (a 417% increase) respectively. Moreover, the number of death DALYs were 14,191 (a 488% increase) and 716,457 (a 417% increase) respectively. DALYs and YLDs in women were consistently higher than men were, whereas women experienced slower increases in YLLs from 1990 to 2019. The standardized DALYs rate increased for all Iranian provinces during study period. High body -mass index, ambient ticulate matter pollution, and low physical activity remained the three major attributable risk factors in all provinces 2019. Conclusion: T2DM constitutes a major health burden in Iran. The remarkable upsurge in the T2DM burden represents an ongoing challenge, given the rapidly aging population in Iran. Thus, integrated and multi-sectoral actions decrease exposure to risk factors and improve the prevention and early diagnosis are needed.