Bone volume and height changes for lateral window sinus floor elevation using two types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral: A retrospective cohort study of 1-4 years

Objective: To compare bone volume and height changes of two types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for lateral window sinus floor elevation (LSFE) with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 72 patients who underwent LSFE using low-temperature sintered cancellous bone-derived DBBM (C-DBBM) or high-temperature two-step sintered epiphyseal-derived DBBM (E-DBBM). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was acquired preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, 6 months and 1-4 years post-surgery. Bone volume (BV), apical bone height (ABH), endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG), and crestal bone level (CBL) were evaluated through three-dimensional fitting and superimposition. Linear mixed models (LMM) were employed to analyze factors influencing the reduction of BV (Delta BV) and ESBG (Delta ESBG). Results: The E-DBBM group showed no significant change in BV 1-4 years post-surgery, while the C-DBBM group demonstrated a significant reduction (p = .006) with volume stability of 85.86%. Bone height in the E-DBBM group increased at 6 months and subsequently decreased at 1-4 years (p = .003). In the C-DBBM group, it decreased at 6 months (p = .014), then further decreased at 1-4 years (p = .001). Delta ESBG was lower in the E-DBBM group than the C-DBBM group from immediate postoperative to 1-4 years (p = .009). LMM showed graft material type was the primary factor influencing Delta BV (p = .026) and Delta ESBG (p = .003). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both types of DBBM could achieve favorable clinical outcomes. E-DBBM demonstrated enhanced stability in maintaining bone volume and height.