A Fuzzy DEMATEL-FCM approach for analyzing the enablers of the circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the supply chain

The synergy between the concepts of circular economy and Industry 4.0 enables a greater movement toward a sustainable society and addresses environmental and economic issues in organizational operations. This study seeks to implement circular economy and Industry 4.0 for waste reduction and resource optimization in Yazd glass factories. It is significant because Iranian factories are not efficient from this point of view and produce a considerable amount of waste. For this purpose, the mixed methodology has been employed. In the qualitative part, 15 enablers are identified by using the meta-synthesis method, which are categorized into four economic, human resources, organizational-managerial, and infrastructure dimensions. In the quantitative stage, the cause-and-effect relationship between enablers is identified by using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, and forward and backward scenarios are formulated using fuzzy cognitive map technique. While the research practical contributions include identification of key enablers in implementing circular supply chain management 4.0, formulation of forward and backward scenarios to guide strategic decision-making in sustainable practices, and offering actionable insights for waste reduction and resource optimization in the glass industry leading to improved operational efficiency, it has theoretical contributions such as highlighting the significance of specific enablers in the successful implementation of circular supply chain management 4.0, demonstrating the interplay between different enablers and their impact on key aspects, and advancing knowledge on sustainable practices within the context of the glass industry, contributing to environmental sustainability and operational excellence in Iranian factories.