A Review on Biofloc System Technology, History, Types, and Future Economical Perceptions in Aquaculture

Simple Summary Biofloc technology reduces the environmental effects and reliance on fishmeal in the aquaculture business, which is experiencing growth. This technique removes organic nitrogen from aquaculture effluent, improves water quality, and generates microbial protein for use as a feed supplement for aquatic animals. Moreover, this method decreases the feed conversion ratio and manufacturing costs. Aquatic animals may obtain nutrients, fatty acids, and minerals from biofloc throughout the day. Biofloc, when combined with designed meals, offers a full food chain for aquatic animals, resulting in improved growth performance. In this review, we discussed the history and types of biofloc technology. We also reviewed microbial communities and factors related to BFT. Lastly, we described the advantages, applications, sustainability, and future aspects of biofloc technology.Abstract Given the scarcity of water and land resources, coupled with the competitive nature of aquaculture, the long-term viability of this industry will depend on strategies for vertical development. This involves enhancing production environments, increasing productivity, and advancing aquaculture technologies. The use of biofloc technology offers a potential solution to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts and the heavy reliance on fishmeal in the aquaculture sector. This method is designed to effectively assimilate inorganic nitrogen found in aquaculture wastewater, thereby enhancing water quality. Additionally, this process produces microbial protein, which can serve as a viable supplemental feed for aquatic animals. Furthermore, this technique has the potential to reduce the feed conversion ratio, thereby lowering overall production costs. This article provides an overview of the evolving field of biofloc system technology within aquaculture. In this study, we will examine the historical development and various types of biofloc systems, as well as the factors that influence their effectiveness. Finally, we will explore the economic potential of implementing biofloc systems in aquaculture.