Numerical simulations on the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio by using a vector vortex beam with polarization modulation in LIDAR applications

Vortex beams have the significance to enhance the performance of lidar (light detection and ranging). We propose a simulation model that uses the vector vortex beam with polarization modulation to separate background and multiple-scattered signals from the signals reflected back from a target. Numerical simulations show that when the vortex retarder was placed in the simulation model, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was improved by blocking the multiple-scattered signals. The background and multiple-scattered signals (incoherent light) show a spot-like distribution at the center on the image plane. The single-scattered signals (coherent light) form a ring-shaped intensity distribution. Thus, we can use an annular aperture to filter out the incoherent part. The simulation models can help design better performing lidar instruments and optical communication systems. The optical vortex can be used for optical filtering of underwater exploration, and optical communication.