Optimizing Female Infertility in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Premature ovarian failure is a complex pathology with numerous etiologies and multiple system sequelae resulting for early deprivation of ovarian sex hormones. In the studies to determine the etiology, it is seen that many patients are in the unexplained group. On the other hand, genetic predisposition and autoimmune cause of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) are the most common known etiologic causes. Early diagnosis and energetic treatment are important in order to prevent symptoms related to estrogen deficiency. Initiating hormone replacement therapy as soon as possible will prevent menopausal symptoms and reduce long-term complications in women. Another important problem in these patients is infertility, which occurs due to ovarian failure. In fact, fertility, which begins to decrease before menstrual irregularity, turns into infertility with a rapid decline in the number of follicles in the following period. Here, the detection of patients at risk and appropriately timed fertility preservation treatments (such as freezing of oocyte, embryo, or ovarian tissue) or assisted reproductive techniques can be offered. Besides this, studies like stem cell therapy, platelet -rich plasma (PRP), and in vitro activation of ovarian tissue in patients with POI are recent and still investigational but may be promising in the future. In the present review, the current pathophysiology and treatment options of premature ovarian failure were discussed.