The Multifaceted Functionality of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Potential Therapeutic Target?

Simple Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors present a significant global health challenge, prompting the need for new therapeutic strategies. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are crucial in tumor immunity, with both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. This review examines pDC roles in various GI tumors and their potential as therapeutic targets. In gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, higher pDC infiltration correlates with worse outcomes, whereas in esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, it improves outcomes. Overall, pDCs have a complex role in GI tumors, affecting both tumor immunity and progression. Further research is needed to refine their clinical use and explore combination therapies.Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors pose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in tumor immunity, exhibiting both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. This review aims to summarize the role of pDCs in different types of GI tumors and assess their potential as therapeutic targets. In gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, increased infiltration of pDCs was associated with a worse outcome, whereas in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer, pDC infiltration improved the outcome. Initial animal studies of gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma showed that pDCs could be a successful therapeutic target. In conclusion, pDCs play a multifaceted role in GI tumors, influencing both anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression. Further research is needed to optimize their clinical application and explore combinatorial approaches.