Securing the grid: A comprehensive analysis of cybersecurity challenges in PMU-based cyber-physical power networks

The threat of cyber-attacks poses a considerable risk to Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) applications within Cyber-Physical Power Networks (CPPNs), leaving them susceptible to malicious attacks such as false data injection, time synchronization manipulation, and DoS attacks. Existing studies in the area of cyber security in CPPNs primarily address broader network security issues, overlooking specific challenges in networks with features like PMU integration, highlighting the urgent need to explore vulnerabilities in PMU-based networks for comprehensive understanding. In this study, a thorough analysis is conducted, exploring various cyber-attacks targeting PMU-based CPPNs. These attacks are categorized into data integrity, communication network vulnerabilities, device spoofing and tampering, and coordinated cyber-physical attacks and subsequently, discussed in detail, underscoring the pressing need for robust cybersecurity measures. The study not only provides valuable insights but also outlines future research directions, empowering power system researchers and operators to enhance the resilience of PMU-based CPPNs against evolving cyber threats. Like the need for more reliability studies that investigate impacts of cyber-attacks in PMU-based CPPNs. The findings offer a good foundation for devising effective planning and fortification strategies to navigate the challenges posed by emerging cybersecurity threats.