Enhancing Distribution System Restoration With Coordination of Repair Crew, Electric Vehicle, and Renewable Energy

To mitigate the impact of extended power outages from extreme weather events, utilities are trying to improve the existing restoration practices by adopting many emerging technologies. The coordination will be more complicated when emerging participants such as EVs are expected to provide grid services during restoration and customers are demanding less impact. In this paper, an integrated coordination formulation for service restoration, crew dispatch, and EV dispatch with distributed energy resources (DER) control is proposed. A unified routing-based model is used to model separate problems with the same set of equations to provide easy coordination. A novel routing-based EV dispatch formulation with two new tables - state of charge (SOC) status table and SOC exchange table - is proposed to track EV energy change during the routing process. The functional interdependencies among the sub-problems are investigated and leveraged and different DER control modes are developed and integrated. Case studies are conducted on the modified IEEE 123 node test system to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed model for capturing the interdependencies and demonstrate the concept of using EV and other emerging technologies for service restoration.