Integrating industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing for a sustainable green transition: A comprehensive model

The integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and Lean Manufacturing (LM) principles has emerged as a significant strategy for industries seeking to improve precision, customization, competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive model that incorporates these approaches and guides companies towards a green paradigm (GP) transition. This study aims to address the gap in literature by developing a comprehensive model that integrates I4.0 and LM practices and examines how this integration can enhance companies' ability to achieve a green transition. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted to identify 27 critical variables related to I4.0, LM, and GP. The ISM-MICMAC method was applied for analysis. Validation of the model was performed through interview with a sample company. The developed model provides a comprehensive framework for integrating I4.0 and LM practices to facilitate companies' transition towards environmental sustainability. The analysis revealed critical variables and their interactions, highlighting areas of focus for organizations aiming to adopt a green paradigm. The integration of I4.0 and LM practices offers significant potential for enhancing companies' ability to achieve environmental sustainability goals. By identifying critical variables and their relationships, this study provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to navigate the transition towards a green paradigm. This research contributes to the existing literature by presenting a novel model that bridges the gap between I4.0, LM, and environmental sustainability. The findings offer practical guidance for industries aiming to leverage technology and operational strategies to address sustainability challenges.